A QCA Analysis of Knowledge Co-Creation Based on University–Industry Relationships

This research aims to identify typologies of companies willing to cooperate with universities to foster knowledge co-creation and ease knowledge transfer to students within courses, training, communities of practises, etc., regardless of the business sector they are active in. To implement the research scope, we rely on the qualitative comparative analysis method (QCA). Interactions between causal factors within the university–industry relations, and knowledge co-creation have been examined. The results obtained indicate two typologies. Type 1 includes companies oriented towards supporting interactions with universities based on education, research, student placements, training, and community services such as consultancy, and product development. These acknowledge both the necessity of creating platforms to establish more ties with universities and the importance of alumni connections to develop effective campus management. Type 2 includes companies that are not interested in understanding or supporting the mission of universities in society, not developing ties with universities, and generating only a superficial interaction, which hinders their involvement in the creation of knowledge with universities. From a managerial perspective, this paper highlights the relationship between universities and industry and how this could contribute to increased resilience for a society facing unexpected challenges, such as the global crisis related to COVID-19 and the present state of international political instability. © 2023 by the authors.

Conceiving Resilient Solutions for Tourism during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Until 2019, tourism was one of the most dynamic economic activities in the world, holding the third place in the world for exports, after fuels and chemicals. In 2019, tourism registered a number of 1.460 million tourist arrivals and 1.481 USD billion tourism receipts, according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). At the same time, tourism is a very sensitive activity to the occurrence of unforeseen factors, which can strongly affect this activity. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the factors with a major impact on economic activity in general and on the tourism activity in particular. The negative effect of this unprecedented health crisis on tourism has been noticed from the very beginning. The pandemic has affected tourism worldwide, with major losses in tourist arrivals of 74% in 2020 compared to 2019. Despite all these difficulties, tourism is looking for solutions to resume business, and the administration of anti-COVID- 19 vaccines offers a chance for economic recovery, some countries offering a new "all inclusive" package that includes the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. The paper aims to analyse how countries in which tourism plays an important role in the economy manage to find solutions for tourism recovery, sometimes using newer, atypical solutions.